The Effects of Artificial Lighting on Health (Reading practice for TOEFL preparation)

Artificial lighting has become an integral part of modern life, enabling productivity and activity well beyond natural daylight hours. While it offers undeniable benefits, the overuse and inappropriate use of artificial lighting can have significant effects on human health and well-being.

One of the primary concerns regarding artificial lighting is its impact on circadian rhythms. These natural biological cycles regulate sleep, wakefulness, and various bodily functions. Exposure to artificial light, particularly blue light emitted by electronic devices, can disrupt these rhythms by suppressing the production of melatonin, a hormone essential for sleep. This disruption often results in sleep disorders, fatigue, and impaired cognitive function.

Artificial lighting also influences mental health. Studies have linked excessive exposure to bright artificial light during nighttime to increased risks of anxiety and depression. On the other hand, insufficient exposure to natural light during the day can lead to conditions like Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), highlighting the need for a balanced light exposure that aligns with natural cycles.

Moreover, prolonged exposure to artificial lighting has been associated with physical health risks. Research suggests that chronic disruption of circadian rhythms may contribute to metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and even certain types of cancer. Additionally, intense or poorly designed lighting can cause eye strain, headaches, and reduced visual comfort.

Efforts to mitigate these effects focus on adopting healthier lighting practices. For instance, using dim, warm-toned lights in the evening can help support natural circadian rhythms, while maximizing exposure to natural light during the day promotes overall well-being. Technologies such as adaptive lighting systems, which adjust color temperature and intensity throughout the day, are gaining popularity for their potential to harmonize artificial lighting with human biology.

To summarize, while artificial lighting is indispensable in modern society, its impact on health cannot be ignored. By understanding its effects and implementing strategies to minimize disruptions, individuals and communities can create environments that support both productivity and well-being.

Questions:

What is one way artificial lighting disrupts circadian rhythms?

a) By increasing melatonin production.

b) By suppressing melatonin production.

c) By eliminating natural light exposure.

d) By promoting longer sleep cycles.

How does artificial lighting affect mental health?

a) It consistently reduces anxiety.

b) It increases Seasonal Affective Disorder during summer.

c) Excessive exposure at night is linked to anxiety and depression.

d) It has no impact on mental health.

What physical health risks are associated with prolonged exposure to artificial lighting?

a) Enhanced immune function.

b) Reduced cardiovascular health and potential cancer risks.

c) Improved metabolic processes.

d) Increased natural light benefits.

What is one recommended practice to reduce the negative effects of artificial lighting?

a) Using intense, blue-toned lights at night.

b) Avoiding exposure to natural light.

c) Implementing adaptive lighting systems.

d) Maximizing artificial light intensity during the day.

What is the main idea of the text?

a) Artificial lighting is necessary but has health implications.

b) Natural light is harmful to health.

c) Blue light has no effect on human biology.

d) Adaptive lighting systems eliminate health risks.

Answers:

b) By suppressing melatonin production.

c) Excessive exposure at night is linked to anxiety and depression.

b) Reduced cardiovascular health and potential cancer risks.

c) Implementing adaptive lighting systems.

a) Artificial lighting is necessary but has health implications.